With the acceleration of urbanization and urban infrastructure construction in China, the market demand for lighting products in cities is gradually expanding. In the context of energy scarcity, traditional lighting equipment consumes huge amounts of energy and suffers from significant energy waste, which also affects the urban ecological environment. This is clearly not in line with the development direction of energy utilization in China and greatly limits the efficiency of lighting equipment utilization. The emergence of solar street lights effectively compensates for the aforementioned shortcomings. Compared with traditional street lights powered by electricity, solar street lights directly convert electricity to electricity, achieving energy conservation and emission reduction, which is more in line with the current concept of green, environmental protection, and low-carbon. At the same time, the rapid development of information technology has put forward higher requirements for the energy-saving and intelligent level of street lights.
Most of the existing energy-saving street lights that generate electricity through solar energy have their solar panels fixed on the top of the lamp posts. In dusty or snowy weather, sand and snow can adhere to the upper surface of the solar panels, thereby affecting power generation efficiency and reducing the lifespan of the solar panels. However, some solar energy-saving street lights with storage and protection functions have cumbersome operation and inconvenient use, This article presents a design of a solar powered energy-saving street light that can control the folding and extension of solar panels, providing both protective and convenient use. Through a folding frame design, it is easy to store and transport street lights, adjust their illumination angle, improve power generation efficiency, and extend their service life.
1. Overall design of intelligent solar street light system
The intelligent solar street light system consists of a solar power generation mechanism, a push rod remote control system, an LED light folding mechanism, and a ZigBee wireless communication module. The terminal of the system collects detection data collected by the sensors of each node, including information such as luminosity, temperature, and humidity. Each terminal node packages the data through the ZigBee wireless communication protocol and sends it to the coordinator module, which then communicates with the controller through serial port. At the same time, the controller also uses a photosensitive module with light intensity discrimination function to input high and low levels, Control the expansion and contraction of solar panels to achieve intelligent control and protection functions of solar street lights.
2. Structural design of intelligent solar street lights
The structure of intelligent solar street lights is shown in Figure 1, which mainly includes three parts: solar power generation mechanism, push rod remote control system, and LED light folding mechanism.
(1) Solar power generation institutions
The solar power generation device is fixedly installed at the upper end of the street lamp post, including a solar panel, battery, inverter, and solar controller. The battery model is SP12-38, and it is matched with the solar panel. The inverter model is HI-1500A, which is connected to the LED light and can supply power to the street lamp, thus forming a solar power generation system.
The upper outer wall of the street lamp post is fixedly connected to a transparent board, a bottom plate, and a cross from top to bottom. The transparent board is made of acrylic material and is a transparent board body. The outer edge of the upper surface of the bottom plate is hinged with a side plate, whose length matches the distance between the transparent plate and the bottom plate, and the width of the side plate is equal to the side length of the bottom plate. Solar panels are fixedly installed on the upper surface of both the bottom plate and the side plate, and single crystal silicon solar cells are selected for the solar panels.
The upper surface of the transparent board is fixedly connected with a transparent conical cover, which is made of transparent acrylic material and is in a regular pyramid shape to prevent the accumulation of debris on the upper surface of the transparent board. The outer walls of the transparent panel and side panel are both bonded with sealing strips. When the solar panel is folded, the sealing strips tightly adhere to each other, thereby improving the sealing performance.
(2) Push rod remote control system
The four corners of the upper surface of the cross are hinged with electric push rods. The electric push rod model is YNT-01, which is an existing small electric push rod. The upper telescopic end of the electric push rod is hinged to the middle of the lower surface of the side plate, and the electric push rod is connected to the external remote control system.
The remote control system remotely controls the extension and retraction of the electric push rod. When the electric push rod reaches its shortest length, the side panel reaches a horizontal state. When the electric push rod reaches its longest state, the side panel reaches a vertical state, forming a closed cube with transparent panels, bottom panels, and side panels to protect the solar panel and ensure its stable operation.
(3) LED light folding mechanism
The upper outer wall of the street lamp post is hinged with a folding frame, and the outer side of the lower surface of the folding frame is fixedly installed with LED lights. The LED lights are existing semiconductor lighting lights, which have the characteristics of environmental protection, no pollution, low power consumption, high light efficiency, and long service life. The outer end of the folding frame is fixedly installed with a light sensing switch, which is an EX-15 photoelectric sensor. The LED lights are sequentially connected to the light sensing switch and external power supply. When the light intensity is lower than the set value, Can automatically control the power on operation of LED lights. When using, fix the system, increase the nut of the rotating folding mechanism, adjust the length of the screw inserted into the sleeve, and change the inclination angle of the LED light, thereby adjusting the illumination angle. At the same time, the folding design also facilitates the storage and transportation of the street light.
This intelligent solar street light has innovated in its structural design by remotely controlling the electric push rod to shorten and make the side panel reach a horizontal state, thereby generating electricity from the solar panel and storing it in the battery. The direct current is converted into alternating current through an inverter to power the LED light. When encountering adverse weather conditions, the electric push rod can be remotely controlled to extend and rotate the side panel upwards, making the transparent panel The bottom and side panels form a closed cube to protect the solar panel and ensure its stable operation. At the same time, through the folding frame design, the illumination angle of the street lights can be adjusted, and it is also convenient for the storage and transportation of the street lights. Convenient to use and highly practical.
3. Design of intelligent control system
(1) Design of Intelligent Control System for Electric Push Rods
The intelligent control system for electric push rods includes a remote control, a control module, and a mechanical transmission module. The control module includes a central processing unit, a sensor module, a storage module, a wireless network module, a power module, and an overcurrent protection module. The wireless network module includes a first antenna and a first amplification unit, and the first antenna is connected to the first amplification unit for bidirectional communication. The sensor module includes a photometric sensor, a temperature sensor, and a humidity sensor. The mechanical transmission module uses a servo motor. The remote control includes a wireless communication unit, microprocessor, keyboard, LCD screen, and power supply unit. The wireless communication unit includes a second antenna and a first amplification module, and the second antenna is connected to the first amplification module for bidirectional communication. The control signal of the push rod is sent out by the controller after calculation, and is transmitted to the street light controllers in various areas through wireless transmission modules. At the same time, it also receives operating signals from the street light controllers for monitoring the operating status. The addition of intelligent control enables remote control of electric push rods, which can be adjusted according to changes in brightness, temperature, humidity, and weather conditions, providing protection for solar panels and extending their service life.
(2) Design of Remote Control for Street Lights Based on Zigbee
The remote control adopts Zigbee transmission technology, which is a short distance, low-speed, low-power wireless network technology with unified technical standards. It operates on the 2.4GHz and 868/928MHz ultra wideband antenna receiving circuit technology according to the IEEE802.15.4 standard, and has very high communication efficiency. The intelligent solar street light control system in this article requires a long transmission distance, which basically conforms to the technical characteristics of Zigbee. Therefore, Zigbee technology is selected for the transmission of street light control signals.
After the RF signal is amplified and processed, it enters the central processing unit. The central processing unit controls the mechanical transmission module based on the received signal, that is, controls the switch or lifting of the push rod. At the same time, various sensors around the central processing unit will autonomously and intelligently control the mechanical transmission module and control the action of the push rod at different times (such as day and night) and in different specific environments (such as wind, rain, high and low temperatures), At the same time, the switch status (proportion or degree of switch) of the push rod can be saved in the storage module.
Each Zigbee network can support up to 255 devices, which means that each Zigbee device can be connected to an additional 254 devices. Therefore, each remote control can control multiple receiving devices, achieving single control, group control, and group control functions; The effective coverage range is between 10-75 meters, depending on the actual transmission power and various application modes. Each street lamp has a separate controller, consisting of a Zigbee wireless communication module and a control module that collects the operating parameters of the street lamp. A single street lamp controller can control the operating status of the street lamp, transmit the collected signal to the monitoring center through the wireless communication module, and receive control instructions from the monitoring center, thereby achieving remote control and monitoring functions.
Each street light is equipped with a Zigbee based wireless street light controller. On each node, sensors collect information such as current, voltage, and light intensity, which are transmitted to the remote control module through the Zigbee network; At the same time, each node receives Zigbee signals forwarded by the coordinator to control the switch of street lights. The remote control module stores and processes system data, and issues control commands for the operation of solar street lights. These control commands are forwarded by the server to the underlying data control node, thereby achieving top-down system control.
4. Conclusion
This design mainly completes the innovative design of the intelligent solar street light structure and the construction of an intelligent control system. Through remote control of electric push rods, solar street lights can automatically adjust the position and angle of solar panels according to changes in lighting, achieving maximum light energy conversion efficiency. In adverse weather conditions, remote control of electric push rods forms a closed cube to protect the solar panels and ensure their stable operation. At the same time, through the folding frame design, the illumination angle of the street lights can be adjusted, and it is also convenient for the storage and transportation of the street lights. Convenient to use and highly practical. At the same time, through the design of an electric push rod intelligent control system and the application of Zigbee based wireless network technology, remote control and monitoring of solar street lights have been achieved, improving the intelligence level of solar street lights and achieving the goal of energy conservation.