Abstract: New energy generation technology, characterized by low cost, low pollution, and low dependence, is gradually gaining widespread application in domestic and foreign markets. The energy storage system plays a crucial role in transforming electrical power forms in new energy systems, affecting the efficiency and quality of power generation. However, practical applications face challenges such as low power density, imperfect mechanisms, and harsh operating conditions. This article reviews the latest battery energy storage technologies at home and abroad, analyzes their technical characteristics and matching scenarios, and proposes optimization strategies for their application in new energy generation from a macro perspective. The aim is to establish a new energy power pattern that emphasizes both efficiency and safety, incorporating green and efficient aspects.
1. Introduction
New energy generation, including wind and solar power, is significantly impacted by geographical constraints, intermittent in time, and unevenly distributed spatially. The establishment of energy storage systems facilitates the conversion and integration among multiple energy subsystems such as electricity, heat, cold, gas, and hydrogen, thereby overcoming the limitations of new energy generation and enhancing the open sharing of new energy production and consumption.
Countries and regions such as the United States, the European Union, and Japan have already initiated strategic planning for energy storage technologies, conducting cutting-edge research in areas such as lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, flow batteries, metal-air batteries, gravitational energy storage, and compressed air energy storage.
In this context, this article will conduct an in-depth exploration of the application and optimization of battery energy storage technology in new energy generation systems, with a focus on LiFePO4 batteries.
2. Research on the Application of Battery Energy Storage Technology in New Energy Generation Systems
2.1 Current Status of Battery Energy Storage Technology Applications
Table 1: Overview of Main Battery Types in Electrochemical Energy Storage
| Battery Type | Core Characteristics | Applications |
|---|---|---|
| Lithium-ion Batteries | High energy density, long cycle life | EVs, grid storage |
| LiFePO4 Battery | High safety, good thermal stability | Wind and solar energy storage |
| Sodium-ion Batteries | Low cost, abundant resources | Large-scale energy storage |
| Flow Batteries | Long service life, high reliability | Smart energy storage stations |
Electrochemical energy storage technology, with chemical batteries as its core, includes types such as lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries, lithium metal batteries, and sodium-sulfur batteries. LiFePO4 batteries, in particular, have been widely applied in fields such as urban rail transit, wind power storage, and photovoltaic storage due to their high safety and stability.
2.2 Matching Scenarios for Battery Energy Storage Technology
Battery energy storage technology has application scenarios on the generation side, transmission and distribution side, and consumption side. On the generation side, large-scale power storage stations beside power plants store excess electricity generated by unstable wind and photovoltaic power.
LiFePO4 batteries are widely used in wind and solar energy storage due to their high safety and stable performance. Sodium-ion batteries, with their rapid industrialization, are directly applied to large-scale energy storage. Flow batteries, with relatively stable output power and capacity, can be deeply discharged without damaging the battery, reducing the difficulty and cost of equipment maintenance and retrofitting.
3. Optimization Strategies for Battery Energy Storage Technology in New Energy Generation Systems
3.1 Construction of an Energy Storage Compensation Mechanism
Independent energy storage refers to energy storage systems that do not participate in regular power generation system operations but instead compensate for energy supply shortages or voltage deficiencies. Establishing an independent energy storage compensation mechanism involves setting up compensation modules within the power generation system to receive excess electricity after regular generation and store it for later use.
Table 2: Key Elements of the Energy Storage Compensation Mechanism
| Element | Description |
|---|---|
| Compensation Modules | Receive and store excess electricity |
| Smart Controls | Ensure timely release of stored electricity |
| Data Management | Record and analyze system parameters |
3.2 Strengthening Grid Integration and Coordination
Due to the large capacity and small peak current density of electrochemical energy storage power stations, integration into the power grid is necessary for energy exchange with users and other power sources. Strengthening grid integration involves establishing cooperation between new energy enterprises and battery enterprises, maintaining the comprehensive performance of energy storage power stations, and improving energy storage scheduling price policies and cost-sharing mechanisms.
3.3 Expanding the Scope of Energy Storage Management
With the expansion of energy scales, it is necessary to broaden the scope of energy storage management, using more refined parameter interpretation and more comprehensive management content to extend the functionality of energy storage systems. Monitoring parameters such as battery temperature and voltage helps control the thermal management system and balance individual batteries.
Table 3: Battery Matching Scenarios and Application Fields
| Scenario | Requirements | Suitable Battery Type |
|---|---|---|
| Power Peaking | Continuous charge/discharge > 2 hours | Capacity-type batteries (e.g., LiFePO4) |
| Power Frequency Regulation | Rapid charge/discharge | Power-type batteries |
4. Conclusion
Energy storage power stations have become an indispensable part of new energy generation systems. Batteries are the core components of electrochemical energy storage systems. Currently, basic research and practical applications in areas such as lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, flow batteries, and supercapacitors are continuously deepening, exhibiting broad application prospects.
To establish long-term energy storage models, it is necessary to subdivide the product advantages and application scenarios of energy storage batteries and establish a compensation mechanism including both independent and temporary energy storage. By analyzing the key mechanisms causing battery degradation, failure, and malfunction, adaptive detection methods and mitigation solutions can be developed. Introducing information technology for intelligent management will improve system control capabilities and application coverage, providing more refined support and safer assistance for new energy generation, and comprehensively enhancing the operating level of new energy generation systems.