Photovoltaic power generation technology, as an important technology for the application of new energy in ships, can not only reduce pollution to rivers and air, but also reduce shipping costs. During navigation, most ships are located in open waters and have a long period of sunlight exposure, which gives them unique advantages in collecting solar light sources. The solar inverter of ships is a guarantee for the stable operation of ship photovoltaic power generation systems. The stability of the inverter control system directly affects the reliability of the photovoltaic power generation system, and improving its anti-interference ability is particularly important. For the electromagnetic application environment of ship solar inverter control system, analyze the paths and methods of electromagnetic interference generation, and adopt reasonable electronic circuit electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) design methods such as bypass, shielding, filtering, or reducing interference energy to improve the reliability of the control system.
For the research on the reliability of ship photovoltaic power generation systems, most of them analyze and study the reliability of products from theoretical and experimental perspectives, while ignoring the practical technical requirements of EMC in engineering applications. Starting from the electromagnetic environment of ship solar photovoltaic inverter control system, this article focuses on providing specific EMC design guidance for the power supply, signal acquisition and control, printed circuit board manufacturing and other processes of the control system. From the perspective of engineering product development, EMC design principles and specific methods are provided. Combining years of engineering application experience, the reliability design of solar inverter control system is improved, Provide experience, methods, and skills for the certification of solar inverter control systems through relevant national or international EMC standards for marine electronic equipment.
To design a highly reliable control system product, it is necessary to have sufficient understanding and knowledge of its working and electromagnetic environment. Ships and offshore electronic and electrical equipment have the characteristics of long continuous working time, small equipment space, high safety and reliability requirements, diverse control types, and complex signal types. Typically, ships are equipped with navigation equipment, communication equipment, and control equipment related to their machinery. The frequency range used on board the ship ranges from 90 kHz to 9 GHz, and the EMC environment is very special. The electromagnetic environment of the ship is mainly manifested in the following aspects:
1) Open air electromagnetic environment. Composed of multiple radiation sources of electromagnetic fields, its main emission sources are various communication, navigation, detection, electronic transmission antennas, and radar systems on ships. The frequency of the electromagnetic field almost includes all frequency bands from radio frequency to microwave. Ships usually undergo overall electromagnetic compatibility design, but the overall design cannot fully cover all equipment, so higher requirements are placed on the anti-interference ability of marine electronic equipment.
2) Electromagnetic environment inside the cabin. Installing a large number of electronic devices and laying a large number of various types of cables in a limited space creates electromagnetic interference in the narrow space inside the cabin.
3) Electromagnetic interference inside solar inverters. The solar inverter itself is a strong interference source, and the waveform distortion rate on the AC side and the ripple coefficient waveform distortion on the DC side can cause high-order harmonic emissions, posing a potential threat to the inverter control system.