Today, the most urgent issues for people’s lives and development are resource and environmental issues. After entering the 21st century, governments around the world have continuously changed their resource policies to improve their energy security levels and adapt to climate change, and have strengthened their investment in research and development of renewable energy, especially in the research and use of wind power. The development of wind energy is also a renewable environmental resource, which has attracted attention from all over the world due to its advantages of no pollution, sufficient reserves, low development costs, and wide application prospects. Due to the vast ocean range and extensive distribution of wind power reserves, China has enormous development potential. In recent years, in the increasingly urgent situation of resource and environmental challenges, national government departments have formulated many effective resource policies, made changes to the resource pattern, and the wind energy field and technology have achieved vigorous development. However, there are still several difficulties in wind energy grid connection technology. Summarizing and studying how to overcome these difficulties is of great value for further promoting the safe and sustainable development of the wind energy field.
1. Current status of wind power generation technology in China
China’s wind power industry started relatively late, and it was not until the mid-1980s that it entered a commercial operation period. By comparing China’s development status with other countries, we can study the existing problems. Because China has always been very concerned about energy and has introduced many favorable measures. Adopting such measures can also play a role in supporting and promoting the development of the wind power generation industry. From the actual results, it can be seen that the development of wind power and new energy has indeed achieved rapid development. The analysis of the development status of wind power new energy usually focuses on existing research results, and often overlooks the analysis of technological development trends. This will cause unnecessary difficulties for the current development of clean energy for wind power. For example, from 2005 to 2008, China’s wind power clean energy has achieved outstanding development results, providing very good conditions for alleviating China’s current energy consumption and environmental problems during this brief four-year period. However, it must be acknowledged that there are still many shortcomings in the current wind energy technology, such as the majority of wind turbines connected to the grid being imported. This also means that the proportion of wind energy in the entire power supply system is relatively small, and many components rely on imports, which cannot establish a complete wind energy grid connection standard and guarantee the smooth progress of wind energy grid connection. The future of China’s wind power technology is a long and arduous task, and breakthroughs need to be sought in the field of high-level technology. Developing new technologies such as wind energy grid connection and reasonably regulating various unstable factors caused by wind energy grid connection is a key issue that must be faced at present and in the future. China has become the world’s largest wind power installation market, with a new installed capacity of 21143MW in 2018. As of the end of 2018, the total capacity reached 209533MW.
2. Characteristics of wind power new energy
Wind power generation is the process of converting the mechanical energy brought by wind power into energy through various control calculations under the guidance of wind energy engines and controllers. The advantages of wind power generation are that wind power is pollution-free, and there is no environmental pollution caused by the discharge of garbage during the power generation process. It has the advantages of energy conservation, environmental protection, and low cost, but also has many uncontrollable risks. The specific content is as follows.
2.1 Wind energy has instability
As an intermittent renewable energy source, wind power varies in magnitude and direction with seasons and weather conditions, resulting in randomness and intermittency in wind power. This imbalanced characteristic also makes it difficult for wind power generators to adjust the stability of output changes. Therefore, the power generated by all wind power generators is long-term and randomly variable.
2.2 The density of solar energy is relatively sparse, making solar power generation inconvenient for large-scale storage
The diameter of the wind turbine in a wind power plant needs to be large enough to achieve equivalent power generation capacity to other power generation equipment. The cost of storing energy in wind power generation equipment is very expensive, far greater than the production cost of its power generation. Therefore, there is a basic lack of energy storage function in the entire wind power network, and can only be transmitted by adjusting the size of stored energy. This makes the energy transmission of the entire wind power generation system uneven, which brings great difficulties to the design of grid connection.
2.3 Remote distribution of wind farms
Due to the fact that areas with abundant wind energy resources are generally located along the coast, with sparse residents and far away from the power load area, coupled with poor local power grid installation structure, wind energy export is affected to a certain extent, and there is an urgent need to improve power grid engineering, which also poses challenges to China’s power supply establishment and transmission. In addition, due to the uncontrollability of wind power, there is non adjustability in the equipment of wind power generation, and the consequence of this imbalance factor is that the proportion of wind farm capacity in the entire power supply system will become an important determining factor affecting the safety of the entire power supply system. That is, the larger the proportion, the worse the safety of the entire power supply system.
3. The main problems of wind power grid connection
To adapt to China’s current major environmental issues and improve the country’s resource constraints, the development of wind power generation will be an important component of China’s national energy policy. The development of wind power generation in large platforms and power grids has also been actively promoted, and the country is planning to build kilowatt level wind power platforms. However, a large amount of wind power integration has also caused a significant impact on the existing power supply system.
3.1 Wind power grid connection will affect the power balance of the power grid
Wind power generation, as a new type of power generation model, due to the uncertainty generated by wind power, will cause an imbalance in the output of wind farms and the output power of wind power generation. Especially during peak load periods, wind farms can produce very little output, but during non peak load periods, they can produce a lot of output, resulting in an imbalance in the peak success rate and an increase in the total power consumption during the operation of the entire power supply system, And it has caused certain interference to the balance work of the entire power supply system.
3.2 The grid connection of wind power generation has a certain impact on the range of peak and frequency changes in the existing power grid
The integration of wind power into the grid has increased the difficulty of peak shaving and frequency regulation in the national power grid. Firstly, after the wind energy is connected to the grid, the power grid still needs to supply the corresponding peak frequency regulation energy for wind power generation to ensure that the peak time and frequency within the specified range within the national power grid. However, due to the uncontrollability of wind power, the power output of wind power generation varies greatly, which poses significant obstacles to the smooth operation of the national power grid. Secondly, in the process of implementing wind power generation, the intermittency and randomness of wind energy make the data of wind power generation unstable, and the original wind turbine power generation network system needs more comprehensive maintenance to adapt to the practical needs of wind power generation, which also adds pressure to the frequency regulation work of the national power grid.
3.3 The grid connection of wind power will have a negative impact on power supply stability
Due to the instability and irregularity of wind power, it is difficult to effectively manage wind energy during the grid connection process of wind power generation. Due to the randomness of wind power, when it is integrated into the entire power supply system, it will lead to arbitrary changes in the distribution of local power flow, resulting in arbitrary changes in the total power transmitted by the line, and thus causing arbitrary changes in the overall power supply situation.
4. Research on the Development Prospects of Wind Power New Energy Technology
4.1 Fully develop high-capacity wind power systems
At present, the organization and research on the development of clean energy for wind power play a crucial role in understanding the technological development trends of clean energy for wind power. Through specific case data research, it is found that China’s wind power industry still relies heavily on natural resources in terms of energy technology. At the same time, China has always regarded offshore wind power development as a serious problem, which also indicates a lack of development in high-capacity wind energy technology in China. This is also the reason why there are significant differences in the use of new energy between China and many countries, and the differences are getting bigger and bigger. Of course, national government departments, especially some regional government departments and organizations, have conducted a series of explorations in recent years on the application of new energy technologies for wind turbines based on their own environment and regions. In addition, with China’s extensive development and utilization of wind energy resources, the installed capacity of wind turbines per unit is increasing day by day. After mastering these basic requirements, many specific projects can be implemented much more smoothly. Of course, this also provides an increasing demand for technology research and development, especially in the development of key components and major subsystems, which creates difficulties. The first difficulty encountered is the increasing difficulty of technology. If we want to focus on developing large-scale, high-performance, and safe and stable wind energy engines, we must not only have a mature development system, but also establish a scientific process system and a technical team with strong technical literacy. Although large-scale wind energy development is an urgent task, how to break this barrier and develop new control systems Technical methods are currently a technical challenge faced by the global wind energy development industry.
4.2 Fully study key technologies for grid connection and capture methods for maximum wind energy
Wind farms have also been affected by a series of factors, among which wind power and wind turbine systems pose the greatest threat. From another perspective, analyzing wind farms can understand that if there is an imbalance in output, it will seriously endanger power supply safety. However, China has always been committed to improving the level of power grid safety management, and due to these practical factors, many issues have not been comprehensively and effectively addressed. On this basis, auxiliary measures will be taken to strengthen the effective connection between wind farm networking and financial support for power grid construction, in order to form a reasonable and feasible problem-solving framework. The instability of wind farms is also related to the current limitations of people’s understanding of nature, because nature is very wonderful. Although there are many clean resources to be developed and utilized, how to develop and ensure the best utilization efficiency is still an extremely challenging issue. Wind energy is both a renewable resource and a low-carbon energy source, and its use by people naturally plays a significant role in environmental protection. The topic of discussion is just how to capture the enormous wind power generated in nature to the greatest extent possible. China has many mountains, streams, and abundant wind resources. Firstly, it has good innate advantages. However, due to the influence of many geological and economic and technological environments, the technological development of wind turbines and new energy must overcome many difficulties in order to achieve the desired goals. In the process of developing new energy technologies such as wind power, it is necessary to integrate grid connected technologies and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of grid connected technologies to enhance the reliability of product development. However, there are differences in the actual application level of grid connection technology around the world.
From the current perspective, research on grid connected technology has always been in a booming trend, let alone fully put into commercial use. Therefore, when analyzing the current development status of wind power new energy and its technological development trends, there are still many issues that need to be considered. According to the current analysis of the development status of new energy for wind turbines, in order to achieve better capture of wind power, certain means must be relied on, mainly by controlling the pitch and unit energy control. In addition, considering the usage function and application purpose of wind power new energy, it is necessary to conduct process research based on the economic benefits, reliability, and feasibility of equipment application.
5. Conclusion
In response to the current situation of energy shortage and severe environmental pollution, as the pace of wind power engineering construction gradually accelerates, the proportion of wind farm capacity in the State Grid system will also increase, which will have a significant negative impact on the smooth operation of the State Grid. Therefore, developing new technologies such as wind energy grid connection and reasonably regulating various unstable factors caused by wind energy grid connection is a key issue that must be faced at present and in the future. By conducting research and development on high-capacity wind energy systems, innovating key technologies for grid connection and maximum wind capture, as well as developing offshore wind farm technologies, the bottleneck problem of wind energy development can be effectively solved, which is of great significance for promoting sustainable development of the wind energy industry and meeting the needs of China’s energy structure adjustment.